d top two centers J.J. Dielman and Lo Falemaka. Shyne was carried off the field by teammates af | Forum

SAN DIEGO -- Smoking has dropped to historic lows nationwide, dramatically decreasing revenue from tobacco taxes. Air Force 1 Bianche Offerte . In search of funds, a growing number of states are taxing electronic cigarettes -- a trend that is sparking a fierce public health debate over whether it will deter smokers from switching to a safer alternative.California became the seventh state to tax e-cigarettes with the overwhelming approval of a Nov. 8 ballot measure. Proposition 56 also will add a $2 per pack state tax to cigarettes onto the already existing 87 cents per pack tax.State officials are still calculating the new tax structure. The vaping industry estimates the tax could hike up the price of the battery-operated devices and liquids by more than 60 percent, making it more expensive to vape than smoke, even with the additional per-pack tobacco tax.California just made the most attractive option unattractive for many smokers, and unaffordable, said Gregory Conley of the American Vaping Association, which advocates for electronic cigarettes as an alternative to tobacco. Some may never make an attempt to quit.The taxation of e-cigarettes has split the public health community between those who support e-cigarettes being treated the same as tobacco and those who see them as an important tool in the fight against smoking, the leading cause of preventable deaths in the United States.Theres no scientific consensus on the risks or advantages of vaping.Its one of the nastiest debates Ive ever seen in the public health community, and Ive been researching tobacco control policies for 40 years, University of Michigan public health professor Kenneth Warner said. The momentum, if you will, is in the direction against e-cigarettes, for sure, and it is unfortunate in a big way, because we may be missing out on a potential intervention that could reduce the toll of smoking by a lot.E-cigarettes heat a nicotine liquid into a vapor, delivering the chemical that smokers crave without the harmful tar generated from burning tobacco.Britain promotes the devices for smokers. Its leading physicians organization said it found the devices were 95 percent safer than cigarettes, but some U.S. researchers dispute that.E-cigarettes emit chemicals known to cause cancer, birth defects or other harm, and there is concern over the long-term impact that nicotine has on adolescent brain development, according to Californias Public Health Department. Use among young adults ages 18 to 29 has tripled in the state.The evidence is piling up very fast that e-cigarettes are more dangerous than people thought, said Stanton A. Glantz, a professor of medicine and director of the Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education at the University of California San Francisco.Stanton said the universitys analysis of more than three dozen studies also found only a fraction of smokers quit after switching to e-cigarettes and that many end up smoking and vaping, which could be worse.Concern over the jump in youth users was a driving force behind taxing e-cigarettes, Stanton said.If we could snap our fingers and have all smokers become e-cigarette users -- and not change anything else -- that would be better, he said. The problem is all the other complicated things going on.Representatives from around 180 countries participating in the World Health Organizations global tobacco control treaty negotiations, including the United States, adopted a declaration earlier this month in which they vowed to prohibit or regulate the sale of e-cigarettes. The declaration comes months after the U.S. announced its first federal regulations of e-cigarettes.The $3 billion vaping industry fears taxes coupled with regulations will shut down many small shops.Scott Drenkard of the nonpartisan Tax Foundation said the products potential to help smokers is losing out to the rush to recover eroding tobacco tax revenues, which make up as much as 2 percent of state budgets. More than two dozen states have considered taxing e-cigarettes since 2015.In California, tobacco tax revenue dropped by 44 percent between 1989 and last year, from $1.6 billion to roughly $830 million. The state has the nations second-lowest smoking rate, behind Utah.State officials estimate Proposition 56 will raise more than $1 billion in the first year for California, with much of the money earmarked for health care for the poor.Public health experts, like Warner, favor a staggered system that applies a heavy tax on tobacco cigarettes, a lighter tax on e-cigarettes and keeping no tax on nicotine replacement therapies that have been determined to be relatively risk-free. That would deter young people from vaping the liquids that come in candy flavors and provide a financial incentive for smokers to switch, they say.North Carolina adds a tax of 5 cents to each milliliter of nicotine liquid compared with 45 cents per pack for traditional cigarettes.With no consensus on the health impact, some say it makes sense for states to follow Californias lead and not tax them differently. Offerte Scarpe Nike Sb . After a replay, the winner will meet Sunderland in the quarterfinals. Sagbo did well to control Sone Alukos right cross and fire past Brighton goalkeeper Peter Brezovan. Aluko was making his first start in four months after recovering from an Achilles injury. Nike Air Force 1 Just Do It Uomo .J. -- Marshawn Lynch said Thursday it will be good to get back to football after the Seattle quiet talking running back wrapped up his final mandatory media session of Super Bowl week. http://www.airforce1justdoit.it/air-force-1-uomo-scontate.html . Its an influence in football and a big part of the game. SALT LAKE CITY -- Utahs eighth false start penalty of the first half brought out boos from its homecoming crowd. Luckily for the Utes, a second-half rally was enough to avoid spoiling the occasion.Quarterback Troy Williams ran for two touchdowns and threw another, helping No. 24 Utah come back to beat Arizona 36-23 on Saturday night.Utah (5-1, 2-1) trailed 14-12 at halftime after committing 11 first-half penalties, including all those false starts. Arizona (2-4, 0-3) scored on the first snap of the game when Brandon Dawkins connected with Shun Brown for a 75-yard TD pass, taking advantage of blown coverage that left Brown completely uncovered.Were a pretty decent football team if we would stop some of the self-inflicted stuff, Utah coach Kyle Whittingham said. We did some things to create tough situations for us that weve got to get fixed. We had far too many penalties tonight.The Utes scored 26 straight points after falling behind 14-3. Williams got both of his running TDs in the second half and had 245 yards passing for the game. Armand Shyne also ran for a TD in the third quarter, while the defense tightened up and forced two second-half turnovers and allowed just nine points. Shyne finished with 101 yards on 19 carries.The Utes moved into a tie atop the Pac-12 South with Colorado. They ended a four-game losing streak to Arizona. After beating Arizonas Rich Rodriguez, Utah coach Kyle Whittingham has defeated every active Pac-12 coach since joining the conference in 2011. Whittingham also got his 100th career victory.THE TAKEAWAYArizona: The Wildcats allowed more than 400 yards for the fifth consecutive game. Fans will be happy to have Dawkins back, but Arizona was held to 127 yards rushing, including just 78 from players other than Dawkins. The sophomore quarterback threw for 243 yards, one touchdown and two interceptions and also ran for a score. Freshman Khalil Tate finished the game for the second consecutive week.I dont think our defense wore down, Arizona linebacker Michael Barton said. They just kept attacking and we just tried to fight as best we could. Nike Sb Sconti. . We had a lot of new guys in there today, guys who hadnt played any snaps before today.Utah: USCs win over Colorado helped the Utes move into a tie for first, but they cant feel great about it. The offense finished with fine statistics, but most of the positives came in the second half against a team that entered the game ranked No. 104 in the nation in total defense. The defense allowed a season-high 475 yards.We had a few big plays made on us, but we bounced back every time they happened, Utah safety Marcus Williams said. We never put our heads down. We just kept grinding through the game and we just got this win.QUOTABLEWhat do you want me to do, quit? Rodriguez said when asked about keeping the morale high. Were just going to go down here and hitchhike home and go feel sorry for ourselves and just cancel the season.Is that what you expect? You want those coaches and players in there to quit? Just because we lose a game or two? Cmon, these guys are going to fight.POLL IMPLICATIONSUtah is unlikely to get a whole lot of credit after squeaking past a 2-4 team thats 0-3 in the Pac-12. Any significant jump is likely due to losses by No. 15 Stanford, No. 17 North Carolina and No. 21 Colorado.INJURY UPDATEBoth teams entered the game with several injuries to significant players. Dawkins started for Arizona after leaving last game with a rib injury, but running back Nick Wilson (ankle) did not play.Utah was without running backs Zack Moss and Troy McCormick, starting receiver Tim Patrick and top two centers J.J. Dielman and Lo Falemaka. Shyne was carried off the field by teammates after suffering a left leg injury on a fourth-quarter run. Whittingham said the injury could be season-ending.UP NEXTArizona: The Wildcats host USC in Pac-12 South action on October 15.Utah: The Utes travel to face former defensive coordinator Gary Andersen and his Oregon State Beavers on October 15. ' ' '